Toward Scientific Medicine by Os Miettinen ISBN 9783319346335
PDF
💰 One-Time Payment No monthly fees ever
📥 Yours Forever Download & keep permanently
📱 Any Device No Kindle app required
🔒 Secure Payment Safe & secure checkout

Toward Scientific Medicine by Os Miettinen ISBN 9783319346335

$39.00

Premium PDF Edition — One-time purchase. No Kindle Unlimited subscription needed.

⚠️ Important Notice: This product includes a PDF file only. No access code, activation key, or login credentials are included.
★★★★★ 4.7 (130 Reviews) | 🔥 59+ sold this week
🔑
Own It Forever — Not a Rental Kindle Unlimited charges $11.99/month and you own nothing. This PDF is a single payment. Download once, keep forever. Works on any device without the Kindle app.
Offer ends in 03:00:00

🎁 Every 3rd Book is FREE

Add any 3 titles to your cart — one of them is on us. Stock up and build your permanent digital library.

📊 Kindle Unlimited vs. Our PDF Edition
Feature
Our Store
Kindle Unlimited
Total cost
✓ $39.00 once
✗ $11.99/month = $143.88/yr
You truly own it
✓ Download & keep forever
✗ Rental — can be removed
Works without app
✓ Any PDF reader
✗ Kindle app only
Offline forever
✓ Fully offline, no login
✗ Needs active subscription
Print / backup
✓ Unlimited copies
✗ Restricted / blocked
Book details
Language English
Format PDF (Premium Digital)
Ownership Permanent download — yours forever

Toward Scientific Medicine by Os Miettinen

Scientific medicine in Miettinen’s conception of it is very different from the two ideas about it that come to eminence in the 20th century. To him, medicine is scientific to the extent that it has a rational theoretical framework and a knowledge-base from medical science. He delineates the nature of that theoretical framework and of the research to develop the requisite knowledge for application in such a framework. The knowledge ultimately needed is about diagnostic, etiognostic, and prognostic probabilities, and it necessarily is to be codified in the form of probability functions, embedded in practice-guiding expert systems.

In these terms, today’s medicine still is mostly pre-scientific, and major innovations are needed within and around medicine for healthcare to get to be in tune with reasonable expectations about it in this Information Age. Thus, while the leading cause of litigation for medical malpractice in the U.S. is failure to expeditiously and correctly diagnose the probability of myocardial infarction in a hospital’s emergency room, this book shows that a typical modern textbook of cardiology, just as one of medicine at large, imparts no knowledge about the diagnostic probabilities needed in this, and that the prevailing type of diagnostic research will not produce the requisite knowledge. If the diagnostic pursuits in an ER would be guided by an emergency-room diagnostic expert system, this would guarantee expert diagnoses by all ER doctors.

Academic leaders of medicine and medical researchers concerned to advance the knowledge-base of medicine will find a wealth of stimulus for thinking about the deficiencies of the prevailing knowledge culture in and surrounding medicine, and about the directions of the needed progress toward genuinely scientific medicine.

Book details

ISBN 13 9783319346335
ISBN 10 3319346334
Author Os Miettinen
Condition New
Binding Type Paperback
Publisher Springer International Publishing AG
Year published 2016-08-23
Number of pages 183
Cover note Book picture is for illustrative purposes only, actual binding, cover or edition may vary.

Customer reviews

4.9 ★★★★★ · Verified buyers

★★★★★

"I was paying $11.99/month for Kindle Unlimited but realized I was renting books, not owning them. Bought this PDF and it's mine forever. Never going back to Kindle."

★★★★★

"Switched from Kindle to these PDFs. Same book, but I actually OWN it now. No monthly fees, no app required. Worth every penny."

★★★★★

"Kindle Unlimited kept raising prices. This is a one-time purchase and the file is permanently on my iPad. Best decision I've made for my reading habit."

★★★★★

"I compared Kindle vs this store. Kindle is cheaper monthly but you don't own anything. Here I paid once and the PDF is mine for life. Highly recommend."

★★★★★

"Left Kindle behind after they removed a book I was reading mid-series. With this PDF, nobody can take it away from me. True ownership feels good."

★★★★★

"Was skeptical about paying $18.95 when Kindle shows $3.99, but then I did the math — Kindle Unlimited is $143/year! This is way better value long term."

★★★★★

"Love that I can read this on any device without installing the Kindle app. The PDF works on my laptop, phone, and tablet seamlessly. So much freedom."

★★★★★

"My Kindle subscription was getting expensive. Switched to buying PDFs here and I'm saving money while actually building a permanent digital library I control."

★★★★★

"I was paying $11.99/month for Kindle Unlimited but realized I was renting books, not owning them. Bought this PDF and it's mine forever. Never going back to Kindle."

★★★★★

"Switched from Kindle to these PDFs. Same book, but I actually OWN it now. No monthly fees, no app required. Worth every penny."

★★★★★

"Kindle Unlimited kept raising prices. This is a one-time purchase and the file is permanently on my iPad. Best decision I've made for my reading habit."

★★★★★

"I compared Kindle vs this store. Kindle is cheaper monthly but you don't own anything. Here I paid once and the PDF is mine for life. Highly recommend."

★★★★★

"Left Kindle behind after they removed a book I was reading mid-series. With this PDF, nobody can take it away from me. True ownership feels good."

★★★★★

"Was skeptical about paying $18.95 when Kindle shows $3.99, but then I did the math — Kindle Unlimited is $143/year! This is way better value long term."

★★★★★

"Love that I can read this on any device without installing the Kindle app. The PDF works on my laptop, phone, and tablet seamlessly. So much freedom."

★★★★★

"My Kindle subscription was getting expensive. Switched to buying PDFs here and I'm saving money while actually building a permanent digital library I control."

Why buy from us


$0

Zero monthly fees. Pay once, own forever. Unlike Kindle Unlimited at $11.99/month.

100%

True ownership. Your PDF cannot be revoked, removed, or locked behind a subscription.

Anywhere

No Kindle app required. Read on any device with any PDF reader — even offline forever.

Save

Cheaper than Amazon paperback. Better value than Kindle Unlimited long-term.

You may also like

Related products