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| Language | English |
| Format | PDF (Premium Digital) |
| Ownership | Permanent download — yours forever |
Explore Imaging and Intervention in Cardiology by Ca Nienaber by Ca Nienaber, a valuable resource for readers seeking subject knowledge, key concepts, and a deeper understanding of the topic.
Imaging and Intervention in Cardiology by Ca Nienaber Less than 18 years have passed since the first coronary balloon angioplasty was performed in September 1977 by Andreas Gruntzig. In 1993, 185700 coronary angioplasties were performed in Europe and in many European countries, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is the most com- mon method of myocardial revascularization, well ahead of coronary bypass surgery. This explosive growth of interventional cardiology results from major technological advances. The balloons have been markedly improved with a better profile, excellent trackability, and good pushability. The steer- able guide wires are excellent and can reach the most difficult and the most distal parts of the coronary tree. The guiding catheters offer excellent support and good back-up in the ostium. Meanwhile, new tools have been proposed and designed for a "lesion specific" approach. Coronary stenting which is the "second wind" of angioplasty has dethroned most of the so-called new tools and stents are currently implanted in 30-60% of cases. Similar develop- ments have occurred in the field of mitral valvuloplasty, ablative techniques in electrophysiology, and in the field of interventions in congenital heart disease. However, these advances would not have been possible without the con- comitant development of cardiac imaging. For many interventions, cardiac imaging is an necessary pre-requisite: 1. Imaging is mandatory to identify the lesions needing an intervention. Coronary bypass surgery or angioplasty cannot be performed without prior coronary angiography. However, scintigraphic stress testing is also needed to identify perfusion defects in the area supplied by the diseased artery.
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"Kindle Unlimited kept raising prices. This is a one-time purchase and the file is permanently on my iPad. Best decision I've made for my reading habit."
"I compared Kindle vs this store. Kindle is cheaper monthly but you don't own anything. Here I paid once and the PDF is mine for life. Highly recommend."
"Left Kindle behind after they removed a book I was reading mid-series. With this PDF, nobody can take it away from me. True ownership feels good."
"Was skeptical about paying $18.95 when Kindle shows $3.99, but then I did the math — Kindle Unlimited is $143/year! This is way better value long term."
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"My Kindle subscription was getting expensive. Switched to buying PDFs here and I'm saving money while actually building a permanent digital library I control."
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